Linux Tutorial

If the latest edition of Ubuntu will have disappointed or you do not completely convinced, Linux Mint “Debian Edition” is a candidate to become a practical alternative. Increased speed, lightness in startup and in memory, compatibility with packages. Deb and GNOME are just some of the strengths of this distribution.

Installed the system and presented some of its aspects, we pass to the initial configuration needed to get the most out of Debian Mint.

Updates

Once installed you should immediately update the distribution to get the latest versions of programs and receive the improvements made to system files.

Just click on the icon shaped like a shield present in the system tray.

We will ask the system password. We type and click OK or press Enter.

After entering the password, the operator will connect to the server Mint to check for updates.

Click Select All at the top, followed by Install updates.

The first update can be quite long, because of the numerous packages available for download.

After downloading the necessary packages must close the log window to start the update

During the upgrade confirmation window may appear or configuration, in particular if the update is GRUB or other vital components for the system.

Simply respond yes to every request, for example, clicking on Replace.

When upgrading the GRUB window looks like this.

Simply select the first item (in my case /dev/sda) to install GRUB to the MBR of the new hard drive.

The first update may take away over half an hour, but subsequent updates are much lighter and faster.

Language and Translation System programs

Unfortunately, the distribution is not equipped with a graphical tool to change the system language or to “translate” the programs of the distribution.

The only way to change the system language is to act as terminal.

Open a terminal window and type sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales and insert the system password.

The configuration window will allow us to choose the desired language.

For the Italian language select en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8, using the scroll keys on your keyboard and pressing Enter to continue.

The next window will let us choose which language to use package.

Choose your language Italian en_US.UTF-8 with the keyboard and press Enter.

The translation of the warning messages and certain components of the system is not complete: you can get a full translation by activating only the repository of Mint Debian unstable (Romeo), shown later in the article.

Translation Programs

The packages to translate the individual programs are installed from package manager.

Just look for the string l10n followed by the name of the program that interests us.

To translate Firefox for example, type firefox l10n

Scroll down the list and install the package selected in the figure.

Just give to translate OpenOffice openoffice l10n

Install the package highlighted.

To update and install Thunderbird Thunderbird l10n insert its package for the language

Selected packages of interest to us, we click on Apply at the top to make the changes effective.

Other programs are looking for translatable language pack.

Video driver installation and activation 3D Acceleration

Let’s see how you can install the appropriate video driver for the type of video card and how to activate 3D acceleration.

Open source video drivers

The driver works with pre-installed in the system and used upon any VGA: ATI/AMD, NVIDIA and Intel.

It is recommended if you do not want to install proprietary drivers, or if they are not compatible.

If you have a model AMD / ATI does not fall into the category “HD series” or an Intel graphics card can only use this driver and if you use a model AMD / ATI HD series or NVIDIA can use the proprietary driver, usually much more powerful and stable than Open.

Open the driver should not be installed, but is disabled by default.

To activate open the package manager and look for the package libgl1-mesa-dri

Install the package by double-clicking, then click on Apply.

After installation, reboot the system.

Now to test the graphics acceleration drivers and launch a terminal glxinfo | grep render

If the output is similar to that of the image, the driver is up and running.

NVIDIA Video Driver Owner

If we want the most out of our card we have to install the NVIDIA proprietary driver.

To do this open the terminal and type

displays in pure Text printed copy of notes?

    at -> enter password
    apt-get install module-assistant
    apt-get install nvidia-kernel-common
    apt-get install nvidia-glx
    apt-get install kernel-source-NVIDIA
    apt-get install nvidia-xconfig

Installed packages activate the driver by running from the same terminal

    m-to prepare
    m-a a-i nvidia
    modprobe nvidia
    nvidia-xconfig

Reboot the PC.

Test the driver by running the command from terminal glxinfo | grep render

Proprietary Video Drivers ATI / AMD

Proprietary drivers are available only for newer models, those identified by the initials “HD series.”

All previous models can only use the open drivers.

Here’s how:

• We download the correct driver from here

• The downloaded file is moved to the Home of your system

• Rename the file driver.run

• Open a terminal and type cd/home username (insert our user name)

• We make the file executable by typing chmod a + rwx driver.run

• Execute the file by typing sudo /driver.run

• We follow the prompts until installation is complete.

• To activate the driver by typing sudo always aticonfig - initial-f

• Reboot and check the operation of the driver with the command glxinfo | grep render

See the next :

- Guide to Linux Mint “Debian Edition” : Presentation distribution
- Guide to Linux Mint “Debian Edition” : Initial Configurations

Many network administrators are eventually faced with the implementation of DHCP services (which allow you to automatically issue IP addresses to hosts), within the corporate network.

These services are generally provided by specific networking components such as firewalls or routers, but can be manufactured easily and cost-effective even with Linux.

Here is the guide to create a DHCP server with Linux ..



Install the DHCP Service

sudo apt-get install dhcp3-server

At the end installation you edit the file /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf (so before making a backup of this file):

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
option domain-name-servers 4.2.2.2, 4.2.2.3;
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
{
range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.254;
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
option routers 192.168.1.1;
}

In the configuration file above, the network address for which will be released is 192.168.1.0.

Addresses from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.9 are reserved for servers with static IP address while those from 10 to 254 will be automatically assigned to hosts that require the service.



Restart the DHCP Service

After the changes restart the service:

/etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart

To see more about What is DHCP Proxy Server just simply click here.

Introduction :

Given the many flaws of WEP’s outdated, you need to use Wi-Fi Protected Access for security to our wireless network. In essence, it applies a system of authentication keys and a more robust method of verifying the integrity of messages transmitted over the network.

Obviously our linux-box is equipped to support WPA and WPA2, thanks to special software wpa_supplicant. A high probability that your system is already in default in all distributions, but otherwise you just have to download it via the package manager of your distro. Once we made sure of his presence, let’s suppose you have to set up and a network with the following characteristics:

SSID: PC-easy
Protocol: WPA-PSK
Encryption: TKIP
Key/password: Easy-PC!
dhcp active
Network card interface: wlan0


The network interface name is wlan0 as you can see from the output of this command:

gunter @ ~ $ sudo iwconfig guntoo
lo     no wireless extensions.

eth0     no wireless extensions.

wmaster0     no wireless extensions.

wlan0     IEEE 802.11g ESSID: ""
          Mode: Managed Frequency: 2.462 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated
          Retry min limit: 7 RTS thr: off Fragment thr = 2346 B
          Encryption key: off
          Link Quality: 0 Signal level: 0 Noise level: 0
          Rx invalid nwid: 0 Rx invalid crypt: 0 Rx invalid frag: 0
          Tx excessive retries: 0 Invalid misc: 0 Missed beacon: 0

If your card has a “name” different, remember to adjust the commands throughout this guide, replacing, if present, to “wlan0″.
Configuring wpa_supplicant

We open our favorite terminal, console in my case, and use the command wpa_passphrase that provides software to facilitate our task wpa_supplicant:

gunter @ ~ $ guntoo wpa_passphrase PC-PC-easy easy!
network = {
        ssid = "PC-easy"
        # Psk = "PC-easy!"
        psk = b52b1f56f493d3170309395c19823c7b37af2535ed697d477d43377ad29160e2
}

This command takes as input the name of the network (PC-easy) and key (pc-facile!) and it returns an output that we will need it shortly.
Now we have to open, as root or superuser (sudo) /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf with any text editor (gedit, kwrite, kedit, vim …):

gunter @ guntoo sudo kwrite /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

Insert a first row line to indicate the directory where the program will create a socket for the management interface:

ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant

The following line, however, identifies the group of users that are allowed to control, the default root.

ctrl_interface_group=0

As a result, instead we’re going to copy and paste the output of the command issued first wpa_passphrase:

network={
        ssid="PC-easy"
        #psk="PC-easy!"
        psk= b52b1f56f493d3170309395c19823c7b37af2535ed697d477d43377ad29160e2
}

In most cases we can already save and exit, if, instead, we have some problem, we have many options. An example of general configuration applies to both WPA and WPA2 is this:

network={
  ssid="PC-easy"
  proto=WPA RSN
  key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
  pairwise=CCMP TKIP
  group=CCMP TKIP WEP104 WEP40
  #psk="PC-easy!"
   psk= b52b1f56f493d3170309395c19823c7b37af2535ed697d477d43377ad29160e2
  priority=2
}

Drivers and manual start

We have already done a lot of the work, now we must choose the driver to use. Using this command we have an overview of the options that we can move wpa_supplicant:

gunter @ ~ $ sudo wpa_supplicant guntoo
usage:
  wpa_supplicant [-BddhKLqqtuvwW] [-P] [-g]\
        -I-c  [-C] [D-] [-p ]\
        [B-[N-i-c- [-C] [D-]\
        [-P] [-b ] ...]

drivers:
wext = Linux wireless extensions (generic)
hostap = Host AP driver (Intersil Prism2/2.5/3)
prism54 = Prism54.org driver (Intersil Prism GT / Duette / Indigo)
atmel = ATMEL AT76C5XXx (USB, PCMCIA)
ndiswrapper = Linux ndiswrapper
ipw = Intel ipw2100/2200 driver (old; wext use with Linux 2.6.13 or newer)
wired = wpa_supplicant wired Ethernet driver
options:
-B = optional bridge interface name
-B = run daemon in the background
=-C Configuration file
-C = ctrl_interface parameter (only used if-c is not)
-I = interface name
D = INCREASE debugging verbosity (-dd even more)
-D = driver name
-G = global ctrl_interface
-K = include keys (passwords, etc..) In debug output
-T = include timestamp in debug messages
-H = show this help text
=-L show license (GPL and BSD)
-P = driver parameters
-P = PID files
-Q = decrease debugging verbosity (-qq even less)
-U = enable DBus control interface
-V = show version
-W = wait for interface to be added, if needed
-W = wait for a control interface monitor before starting
-N = start Describing new interface
example:

  wpa_supplicant-Dwext-iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

At this point we have all the information and all the files needed to finally connect to our network, so here’s the command, which we have an example at the end of their previous output, for the respective drivers:

gunter@guntoo sudo wpa_supplicant-B-Dwext-iwlan0 -c/et/wpa_supplicant.conf

gunter@guntoo sudo wpa_supplicant-B-Dhostap-iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

gunter@guntoo sudo wpa_supplicant-B-Dprism54-iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

gunter @ guntoo sudo wpa_supplicant-B-Datmel-iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

gunter @ guntoo sudo wpa_supplicant-B-Dndiswrapper-iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

Now we just have to give us a valid IP address via dhcp, then:

sudo dhcpcd wlan0

Launch the service in the opening and programs
Practically the majority of us are accustomed to Windows that once stored some preferred networks, makes the connection to them automatically. For our Linux boxes we have two possibilities to modify some files that are read at startup or to rely on external software.
In the first case, taking into consideration the distribution of ubuntu, you will need to edit the file /etc/network/interfaces, then we open terminal and type:

gunter guntoo@ ~ $ sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces

and insert the following lines:

auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
essid wireless-pc-facile
wireless-mode managed
wpa-driver wext
wpa-conf / etc / wpa_supplicant.conf
post-up wpa_supplicant-B-Dwext-iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf

In the last line you should enter after the command post-up seen previously with the correct driver for your card.

Among the external software to use I can recommend wlassistant, wifiradar while networkmanager, even if it is already included in most distributions do not always behave in the right way and still has some problems with some cards.

by lazzarello

How To Put Linux On PS3 – How To Guide

Are we seeking for the approach to Put Linux On PS3, though we unequivocally do not know how we can get proposed we do this or we do not know how to start?

If for any reason we would similar to to have linux upon your PS3 console, afterwards we will discuss it we just what we need, as well as what we need to do to get this done. This way, you’ll be means to simply begin transferring your Playstation 3 in to the PC.

How To Put Linux On PS3

While most people contend that this is tough or even unfit to do, they’re all wrong. In fact, this is so easy, the 7 year aged kid could assimilate simply what to do.

The usually approach for we to get proposed we do this, is to operate the module program, implement it upon to your Playstation 3, as well as afterwards operate the commissioned module to put linux upon your Playstation 3.

It’s unequivocally that simple. However, the hardest partial of we do this is meaningful what module module we should use. There have been most programs around, as well as they all explain to be the best, whilst in actuality 95% have been scams since they do not work, they enclose viruses or they can even take your personal info.

To equivocate scams similar to this, we should regularly keep the tighten eye to the feedback since by tangible users. This is unequivocally indispensable when we have been seeking for the module module that can put linux upon PS3.

What Software Program Should You Use When You Want To Install Linux On PS3

First of all, we unequivocally wish to highlight out upon the actuality that I’ve finished lots of investigate in to these programs that explain that they can put linux upon your PS3. The result of my investigate has shown that PS3 Magic is not usually the most appropriate module module that we can use, though it additionally has the gamble reason that we can get as they’ve additionally combined the step by step beam that goes by each step to take.

This is how PS3magic works:

1 – You download the module program.
2 – You implement the module upon to your Playstation 3. (You can do this usually by possibly regulating the USB hang or by putting the module upon to an dull disk)
3 – Once installed, you’ll be means to begin putting linux upon your Playstation 3 by regulating the module module that has been commissioned upon to your PS3.

This is how easy PS3 sorcery works. Why do not we take the demeanour during this module program? Visit: PS3 Magic

So, in sequence to put linux upon PS3, you’ll need to have the module module that’s reliable, devoted as well as that essentially works. A good module is called PS3 Magic, that can be commissioned upon to your console so we can eventually have Playstation 3 remade in to the PC!

Do we wish to put linux upon your Playstation 3 console? Today? Right now? Visit: Put Linux On PS3

by niyam bhushan

How To Get Linux On PS3 ? How To Guide

Do we wish to Get Linux On PS3 yet we have no thought how we can get proposed installing it upon your console? If we wish to get linux upon your PS3, as well as we do not know how afterwards we will discuss it we just what we need to have as well as what we need to do in sequence to get this module upon your console.

This way, you’ll be means to begin transforming your Playstation 3 to a computer.

How To Get Linux On PS3

The usually approach for we to get this module upon to your console, is by regulating a module program. A module module similar to this has been written to be commissioned upon to your Playstation 3, as well as to afterwards implement linux upon it.

The complaint yet with most of these programs is that they simply destroy to work. Some of them even enclose viruses or they take your personal info. The indicate is, we should be really delicately with what module module we get. The usually approach for we to equivocate programs that can get linux upon your PS3 is by checking for a feedback since by tangible users.

What Software Program Should You Use When You Want To Get Linux On PS3

Let me firstly contend that I’ve finished lots of investigate in to programs similar to this as we wish my readers to lay their hands upon operative programs, as well as formed upon that we can usually suggest we to get PS3 Magic.

PS3 Magic is a module module that has a capability to get linux upon your PS3, yet additionally Ubuntu, Windows as well as even Mac. Also, PS3 Magic contains a step by step designation beam so we can have certain that you’ll be means to successfully implement a module upon your console.

Why do not we take a demeanour during this module program? Visit: PS3 Magic

So, if we wish to get linux upon your PS3, afterwards you’ll have to operate a module program. Once a module is commissioned upon your console, afterwards you’ll be means to get linux upon it.

Keep in thoughts that lots of programs have been scams. To equivocate scams, we should keep a tighten eye to a feedback given. A good module is called PS3 Magic, that has perceived lots of good feedback.

Do we wish to get linux upon Playstation 3? Today? Right now? Visit: Get Linux On PS3