Linux Tutorial

Wireshark is a software protocol analyzer can examine the contents of all data packets in transit on the network interfaces used. The program reflects the heritage of Ethereal basing its operation on its own experience and technology developed by “predecessor”. The prerogative of Wireshark is to provide a detailed overview of everything that is happening on the local network by offering a graphical interface for easy use and easy to understand. Wireshark is able to identify the network protocols used for various types of communication and is therefore able to show the different encapsulations.

The strong point of this excellent protocol analyzer is certainly flexibility: thanks to special rules for sorting and filtering becomes so quick to extrapolate the data of interest from this information.

Wireshark provides a valuable aid to help experts in the identification of potential vulnerabilities of the systems used in the company (login credentials sent in clear text, suspicious activities perpetrated by clients on the LAN, the transit of sensitive information and so on).

Wireshark there are multiple versions, one for each operating system, be it Windows, Linux or Mac OS X.

Network Security Toolkit (abbreviated NRC) is a free package that contains most of the open source applications from the world of security. Among them is Wireshark but also a whole series of programs of particular interest to the network administrator: The complete list is available by clicking here. NRC is completely based on Fedora and acts as a Linux distribution itself.

In our case, we decided to install the Network Security Toolkit as a VMware virtual machine player. The advantages of this approach are significant: first, you will have a “virtual computer” that can be used to make control the data traffic between the servers connected to the local network as well as between them and the remote machines on the Internet.

1. As a first step, you must download and install the free VMware Player (the program can be downloaded by referring to this page). We proceeded to remove the Windows version and install it on a Windows 7 machine.

2. At this point, you can download the ISO Network Security Toolkit, by clicking here. The download can take several minutes to be completed (the file “weighs” in fact much, about 1.4 GB).

3. The next step is to launch VMware Player, click on the Create a virtual machine then click the option I will install the operating system later.

From the next window, you must select the operating system Linux as “guest” (the operating system that will run within the virtual machine) and Fedora Version from the menu.

At the onset of the third screen, you must specify the folder – hard drive – which will be stored within the virtual machine. Finally, you must indicate the capacity of the virtual hard drive on which the NRC will be installed later. At the box you can specify the Maximum disk size 20 GB leaving enabled Store virtual disk as a single file.

To complete the procedure, you must then click the Finish button.

4. After selecting, from the main VMware Player, the Fedora virtual machine you just created, you must click on the link Edit virtual machine settings.

By visiting the CD/DVD (IDE), you must select Use ISO image file, click the Browse button and specify the file-2.13.0-nst 1713.i686.iso previously taken from the Internet. This adjustment will launch the contents of the ISO file NRC.

Finally, click on Network Adapter and then choosing the option Bridged: Connected directly to the physical network will ensure that the Linux virtual machine to appear – to the other client systems connected to local network – as a “physical” for all purposes.

Confirming the choices by pressing the OK button, you can start the virtual machine (virtual machine links Play).

Citrix Systems has announced a new edition of CloudStack™, which will include enhanced support for VMware‘s hypervisor, Oracle VM vSphere, enabling customers to VMware and Oracle to manage their own servers as a virtualized cloud computing environment scalable and highly available. Citrix CloudStack is not simply a traditional server virtualization platform with the addition of cloud management functions, but a platform for open source and free cloud infrastructure ready for production environment, which allows each provider to deploy and manage cloud services simple and inexpensive, yet scalable, secure and open by design. The new release is based on the same solution CloudStack that has been used by some of the largest public cloud’s most successful launch of the new cloud services for up to 50 times faster and 1 / 5 the cost of the alternatives. This is the first product release since Citrix acquired Cloud.com in July.

As organizations face a challenging task to create your own cloud IaaS, CloudStack Citrix offers a faster route to the cloud, providing the most advanced software technologies to create cloud computing environments highly scalable and reliable. CloudStack using open source have been implemented more than 60 cloud-scale production, including GoDaddy, GreenQloud, KT, Nokia, Tata Communications and Zynga.

While the market for venture era of cloud, will emerge a wide range of platforms that will require new cloud service designed specifically for cloud computing, fundamentally different from traditional corporate data centers today. These platforms must be designed from the ground up to offer multi-tenant services to multiple levels in the most simple and economical. CloudStack addresses these challenges with a powerful and independent hypervisor, which is designed to assist organizations in creating cloud the same way in which they were made public cloud the most powerful and successful in the world: simple, automatic, flexible, scalable and efficient . With advanced networking features, high availability and efficient Web interface, CloudStack gives users complete control of their own cloud infrastructure via a single monitor.

Protect existing investments, greater flexibility and significant savings on licenses VMware

Offering an economical and scalable cloud platform able to interact with leading virtualization technologies company, Citrix CloudStack allows users to maintain existing investments in virtualization solutions, whether based on KVM, Oracle VM, vSphere® XenServer or a mix of these technologies, without compromising the ability to grow their virtual infrastructure. VMware users can get special benefits by choosing to implement Citrix CloudStack vCloud Director of the cloud as a platform preferred. CloudStack with Citrix, VMware customers can avoid the cost of proprietary components and can take advantage of additional flexibility and control offered by the most popular open source cloud platform market. Citrix CloudStack also eases the financial impact associated with the most recent licensing model of VMware vSphere 5 leading to an increase in the cost of implementations of existing systems, virtualization and cloud. Furthermore, since it can support multiple hypervisors CloudStack same cloud, customers can combine several of VMware virtualization technologies in the same cloud, optimizing costs, in addition to the value of the business.

The latest release of CloudStack is in line with the company’s commitment to provide customers with VMware‘s open source option for creating a cloud of vSphere. In March, Citrix has included support for VMware OpenStack and now has extended to CloudStack. In addition to adding enhanced support for Oracle VM vSphere and, the next version of Citrix Provisioning CloudStack enable “bare metal” (no operating system), so that users can improve the flexibility of its supply through cloud deployment (provisioning ) and to manage workloads across physical servers without a hypervisor.

Faithfully following the guidance of UhrPablo Garcia http://geekyprojects.com/ubuntu/how-to-install-vmware-7-on-ubuntu-11-04/ I was able to install, something already done in Windows 7, VMware version workstation under Ubuntu. Result: MAGNIFICENT!

For issues of work/play I created three virtual machines:
WINDOWS SERVER 2003
WINDOWS XP
Lion OSX 10.7

We’re going to walk anyway. Install VMware.

Download the program, homework help, from here http://downloads.vmware.com/

Remember to download the program you need to register, partly because the program is free for personal use and with limited capacity. You can only create virtual machines with this version. If you want to run them separately, you must have a package called VMware Player which is also free and is included in the Workstation package but is not integrated in the package if not affordable.

To download the package you are looking just right for you, and you reach it from here and download it in your downloads folder. Remember that when you click on the file to download you have to click on “save link as”. If you do not, your browser will download a part of the file will give you an error during installation.

Just downloaded, open a terminal, choose the directory where you placed the downloaded file and run the file

sudo sh VMware-Workstation-7.1.4-Full-385536.i386.bundle

NOTE: The command refers to the 32-bit version, adapt for your needs.

This will open the GUI installation of VMware and not have to do is go on … ..
Done. The package is installed and you can start it from Applications/System Tools

Simple is not it?

I had already created three virtual machines under 7, I simply said to the folder where it was VMware virtual machine and voila, done! Good job!

VMware Server is a version of IBM’s virtualization software. Unlike Workstation, VMware Server only needs an activation key free, you no longer get by registering at the site of VMware in order to use this program without paying a Euro.

Requirements

As a host operating system supports both Windows and Linux.

The processors are recommended Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, Pentium M Xeon EM64T and the. Among the AMD Athlon are, Athlon MP, Athlon XP, Athlon 64, Turion 64 and Opteron. The minimum memory is 512MB, while the maximum is 4GB for processors that do not support the extension of PAE and 2GB memory addresses when using Linux kernels 2.2.x

The Windows operating systems supported are Windows Server 2003 Enterprise and Windows Server 2000. The list of systems includes the penguin Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0, Red Hat Linux 9.0, Red Hat Linux 8.0, Red Hat Linux 7.3, SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 10, SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 9, SuSE Linux 9.2, Suse Linux 9.3, SuSE Linux 10, SuSE Linux 10.1, openSUSE 10.2, Mandriva Linux 2006, Ubuntu Linux 5.04, 5.10, 6.06, 6.10. Kernel 2.2.14-5.0 is not supported. For both families of operating systems are required Perl 5.005xe a browser including Internet Explorer, Firefox, Mozilla, Netscape Navigator.

The virtual machines that are supported are those that can be used as a host more: Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows NT 4.0 Service Pack 6a, Windows Me, Windows 98, Windows 95, Windows 3.1, MS-DOS 6.x, TurboLinux, Novell Desktop Linux, NetWare, FreeBSD, Solaris 10.

Installation

Attention to two different versions of VMware do not live together peacefully on the same host operating system, so if you install VMware Server will not be able to install the Workstation.

The installation plan to install VMware Server on the computer that will run the virtual machine and another installation of the VMware Server Console on a client computer to manage virtual machines remotely.

Using a Microsoft operating system as a server simply run the installer for VMware, choose the type of installation.

That includes full VMware Server, VMware Management Interface, VMware Server Console, API VmCOM, VmPerl API, the API programming and VMware Disk Mount Utility.

After the procedure, the software will be installed.

For systems with Linux you can use the package already compiled for VMware Server also if you want to use the Console (VMware-mui-. Tar.gz) and the Management Interface (VMware-server-console-. i386.rpm) you should download the relevant packages from the VMware site.

It begins with the command as root

# rpm -Uhv Vmware-server-.i386.rpm

In the end, you must enter

$ vmware-config.pl

and answer questions.

To install the VMware Management Interface you should copy the gz file in the tmp directory, then unzip and run the vmware-install.pl vmware-mui in the folder-distrib. When the configuration is finished you can start installing the Server Console.

The installation of VMware Server Console on a Windows host is resolved by running the installer, while Linux will need to download the zip file from the VMware site and unpack it in the tmp directory inside there are two files: one is the packet format rpm and the other is a tar.gz archive to be used on systems that do not use the packet format designed by Red Hat

To end the procedure is necessary to execute the command

$ vmware-config-console.pl

Answer the questions.

To install the console on a client workstation or on another computer from which you connect to the server, you must first install the VMware Server Console programming APIs, the API and a Windows client VMPerl also VmCOM API.

Logging of security and virtual machine

With VMware virtual machines can be managed remotely with using VMware Management Interface, which is a Web tool, or using the Server Console, similar to a remote assistance software.

Shut down a virtual machine: permits

There are four different levels of access to virtual machines: Exploring the virtual machine, interaction with the virtual machine, configuration, administration of virtual machine and host.

To explore the virtual machine is the ability to connect to the virtual machine to check if you turned on or off, but you can not interact with it. To explore a permissions must be set to Read in its configuration file with a. Vmx

Interact with the virtual machine is to have the opportunity to change the status (on, off, suspend, restart) and connect or disconnect removable devices, but can not be added or removed other hardware. To access this level in the configuration file permissions to be Read and Execute.

Having permission to configure the virtual machine you can add or remove virtual hardware. The permits are to be imostati Read and Write.

To administer a virtual machine and the host running VMware Server requires Read, Execute, Write, for that particular virtual machine, using Windows user account must be a member of the Administrators group, but with Linux you need root access to folders containing the files of the virtual machine. The administrator can change the amount of memory available to the various instances, or change the type of network between virtual machines.

When you create a virtual machine by default this is inaccessible to other users (not explored), then to make it accessible to others must change the permissions to the configuration file on the machine.

To change the permissions on Windows, the administrator (the only authorized) looks for the configuration file of the virtual machine, clicking the right button select Properties from the popup menu (Properties), click the Security tab (security). Here you can choose which groups and which users are allowed to give or revoke, restrict access or activate other.

If you use Linux, the procedure is a bit ‘more laborious.

When you create a virtual machine, the user becomes the owner (owner) of file configuration and get the permissions Read, Write, Execute. That belongs to the primary group the user is granted Read and Execute, while other users or members of groups to which the owner is only left Read.

When you install VMware Server is possible via the configuration program vmware-config.pl when setting permissions to change the behavior.

Authentication

When you connect to a virtual machine using the Console or the Management Interface is a request for user name and password. If authentication is successful you will have access to exist virtual machine using the permissions you have. Both the user name and password for the network travel appropriately encrypted by default, the administrator or root user can disable SSL if you do not want to use this service.

Logging

Using Windows as a host logging information is sent to the Event Viewer. The activities that are logged are: change of state of a virtual machine, the removal or inserimeno a virtual machine in the list of virtual machines available to a user, deleting a virtual machine, and of course every message warning or communication originated from VMware Server.

To observe this operating system for logging in Event Viewer, just log which is located under Start> Administrative Tools> Event Viewer.

Among choose the Application log to see the events generated by VMware Server.

To change the type of logging you must modify the virtual machine configuration file (.vmx) by changing variables eventlog.win.message = TRUE and FALSE = FALSE TRUE eentlog.win.register.

To set the logging of all virtual machines managed by the host can modify the VMware Server config.ini which is typically located in C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Server

Soon there will be additional articles about VMware Server.

VMware virtual machines

The boot screen of the Virtual Machine in VMware, very often, takes less than a blink of an eye. How to display it longer? Simply insert a new parameter in the configuration file.

VMware, as we all know, is virtualization software that comes in several versions: those addressed to the public desktop VMware Player, Free, and the counterparty paid VMware Workstation. The virtualized operating system is in all respects similar to a real.

As known, the computer always starts with the usual boot screen, which are searched for bootable devices such as CD ROMs, hard drives and so on. This screen, which is the option to press ESC to select a device to boot, and takes a few seconds in reality, in the virtual machine.

How, then, to use the commands in this screen without it running away?

Simple. Each virtual machine also virtualizes your BIOS and your boot screen, then in the configuration file can set rules on the matter.

In the context of this article, we will insert a rule in the configuration file to ensure that the boot screen is displayed for a period of time at our discretion.

We close the virtual machine

This change must be made to the virtual machine off. Then make sure that the VM is involved arrested (NOT pause) and, just to be safe, that VMware is closed.

Localize the configuration file

The configuration file of the virtual machine vmx format and is located within the directory that contains all other files. Generally, unless otherwise set by the user, all virtual machines are located in My Documents, My Virtual Machines subfolder.

Once you have located the directory, we find that as the only vmx file name has the name assigned to the virtual machine. There will be several files with that name, but the only one that interests us is what, precisely, vmx format.

Select it with the right mouse button and in Open With, choose our favorite text editor (or use the items in the same context menu, choose according to the editor).

I would recommend Notepad++, especially for reasons like these. Once opened, the file will look like.

VMware virtual machines

We make the change

In any position, preferably at the beginning of the file, insert the line = 4500 bios.bootdelay within appropriate carriage returns, so that the file looks like this.

The number 4500, in milliseconds, indicates the length of the screen and can be customized at will to suit your needs. In principle, I remind you that a second is expressed with 1000 milliseconds.

Save the file and start the virtual machine, so that changes can be made. Ensure that the screen placed at the beginning, not the same as that which appears after the application of the technique.

While the first owner and has the logo used commands, the second depicts a real boot screen.

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